Working Paper: Customs tariff classification and the use of assistive technologies

by Andrew Grainger22nd Sep 202322nd Sep 2023

Abstract:

This paper aims to help inform discussions about customs tariff classification and the use of assistive technologies, especially those found online. It offers a broad background overview of classification practices and requirements by reference to the WCO’s Harmonized System (HS), incurred challenges and costs, and the types of technologies deployed to assist users in their classification endeavours. Reviewed assistive technologies and solutions range from information tools that make it easier for users to find classification relevant information (such as rulings and guidance notes) to Artificial Intelligence (AI) approaches that aim to suggest the most appropriate codes – with varying levels of success. Suggestions with examples about how to evaluate assistive classification technologies are provided. And, it is argued that there is considerable potential for such technologies but, this inevitably depends on how well they can understand HS relevant characteristics, the quality of data that supports them, and how well they have been developed or trained. The prize includes better compliance outcomes and improved trade facilitation by reducing classification related costs. However, it is essential that policy makers and users understand the opportunities and limits of assistive classification technologies.

Download

Acknowledgements: The author would like to thank Avalara Inc for their kind support and sponsorship. The work is that of the author alone.

Disclaimer: The purpose of this paper is to help inform conversations about customs tariff classification practices with specific focus on supporting, assistive technologies. The author, Dr Andrew Grainger, has taken all reasonable care to make sure that the prepared content is accurate at the time of writing. However, it is important to stress that the subject matter is fast evolving and prone to change. No responsibility for loss or damage occasioned to any person acting, or refraining from action, because of the materials in this publication, can be accepted by Trade Facilitation Consulting Ltd or the author.

Deutsche Post DHL GoTrade 2022 Summit: How to boost inclusive and sustainable trade

by Andrew Grainger28th Jun 202228th Jun 2022

It was lovely to have had a front row seat at the GoTrade 2022 Summit and lend expert commentary during its interactive wrap-up sessions. The event was attended by leaders from across the public and private sector. The full summary report – produced with our help – has just been published and is ready for download. Noteworthy is that it also includes a long list of helpful recommendations and action points.

“Cross Border Logistics Operations: effective trade facilitation and border management” – book reviews and endorsements

by Andrew Grainger13th Jun 202213th Jun 2022

Reviews and endorsements are always humbling . I certainly was pleasantly surprised to see so many for my book when it was launched in August 2021 … and of course for Prof David Widdowson’s lovely foreword!

Wonderful to see, too, is that the book is being procured by libraries around the world, and that it is finding its way onto university reading lists. Educators can reach out to the publisher for an inspection copy. And if you want to own a copy – its not for students only! – the publisher is offering a 20% discount code (use the KOGANPAGE20 code at checkout). Amazon UK, at least for today, is bettering that discount (21% – no code needed)…. but as they say, it can be purchased at all other good bookshops, too!

Book launch date: 3rd August 2021

by Andrew Grainger8th Jul 20218th Dec 2021

I am very pleased to announce that on 3^rd August 2021 Kogan Page will be launching my forthcoming book “Cross-border Logistics Operations, effective trade facilitation and border management”. This book has been a long time in the making and has received wonderful endorsements.

Advance orders with a 20% discount code (CROSSBORDER20) can be placed directly with the publisher at: https://www.koganpage.com /cblog. A sample chapter is available for free. Orders can also be placed at other major book retailers around the world.

Workshop: Facilitating external trade via border management

by Andrew Grainger28th Jul 20178th Jul 2021

On 25th January 2017 we proudly delivered a workshop at the European Parliament for members of its International Trade Committee (INTA). A recording of my presentation along with that of Dr Juha Hintsa can be accessed online at the European Parliament’s Media Centre.

Our subsequent report was published on the 25 July 2017 and is available for free download.

Customs Issues Falling under INTA’s New Remit

by Andrew Grainger21st Dec 20158th Jul 2021

Citation: Grainger, A. (2015) “Customs issues falling under INTA’s new remit”, European Parliament, Directorate-General For External Policies, Policy Department, December, Brussels [doi:10.2861/519192(pdf); 10.2861/568334(paper)]

INTA is the European Parliament’s Committee on International Trade. The purpose of this commissioned study is to provide a concise account about the relation between European Union (EU) trade and customs policies with particular focus on the common external tariff and trade facilitation as well as the external aspects of customs provisions and management.